The VM is not setup out of the box with an IP address you can use to remotely login to from an outside machine.  It uses (or piggy-backs off) the existing network connection from the host machine.   This enables the VM to boot w/o needing to negotiate for a non-local IP address and it is also for security.  We don't know the policy for someone connecting a new (virtual or real physical) machine to the network the host machine is already using.  If you can remotely VNC into your host machine and see/use the desktop, then you can use the VM running on the desktop as just another application.

There’s information available online about how setup a VirtualBox VM to be accessible from the outside, e.g., via ssh.   If you have IT support, you could ask them for help.  But it’s not really practical for us to support users configuring a machine to run on their local network.